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t J. B. ARCHER. v y TILE FOR USE IN' APPARATUS POR THE MANUFAGTYURE OF'GAS.

No. 502,693. y Patented Aug. a, 1893;.

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J.. B. ARCH-ER.

l TILE FOR USE IN APPARATUS FUR lTHE MANUFAGTUBE lOF'GAS. No.1502,693. y .Patented Aug. 8, 1893.

UNITED STATES lPATENT OFFICE.

JOI-IN B. ARCHER, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

TILE FOR USE lN APPARATUS FORYTHE MANUFACTURE 0F GAS.

To aZZ whom t may concer-n:

Be it known that I, JOHN B. ARCHER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Vashington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tiles for Use in Apparatus for the Manu facture of Gas; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which'it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in the manner of arranging and supporting the iron surfaces provided for exposure to the action of the gases in the checker-work of iixers or converters employed in fixing gases made from carbon or hydrocarbons and,V steam.

The iron is exposed while highly heated to the action of the gases in order that the oxygen of the steam may combine with the iron and leave the hydrogen free to combine with the carbon; also the iron combines with the sulphureted hydrogen in the gas, purifying it and removing its offensive odor. It has been found that the iron bars most commonly in use in the checkerwork of such converters Amust be made of considerable cross section in order to prevent their being so oxidized as to fall to pieces or so softened by the heat as to melt and run together or to bend down, and so choke the passages in the said checkerwork. To obviate these faults, I provide either a roughened iron shell upon a refractory core or support, or I have a brick made of fire clay, graphite, or other suitable refractory material mixed with iron filings or scrap iron and then baked.

A further advantage gained by having a tile made with a core of fire vclay or similar material is that the conductivity of the fire clay is less than that of the iron and therefore the heat is given off more gradually and uni-` formly; while at the same time the specic heat of the re clay is greater than that of the iron and therefore as a heat reservoir the tiles are capable of containing a larger amount of heat than a like weight of iron. Againv the refractory cores are cheaper than the iron, while the iron is placed in su'ch a position as to be most efficient. And moreover, the refractory tiles will stand a higher heat than the iron bars hitherto in use. Another desirable result gained by either coating the fire clay with an iron shell or by mixing in iron filings thickly, is the preventing the absorption of the oil commonly used in the manufacture of gas by the fire clay, which oil is ordinarily absorbed in the pores of the fire clay to the great waste of the oil, and the deterioration of the fire clay tiles.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l represents a perspective view of one form of refractory core which is adapted toslip into and support the iron shell shown in perspective in Fig. 1. Fig.2 represents a perspective View of an other form of refractory core, a cylinder, which is adapted to slide into the hollow iron cylinder shown in perspective" in Fig. 2*. Fig. 3 represents a perspective view of another form of refractory support, and Fig. 3a represents an iron shell adapted to fit thereon and be supported thereby. Fig. 4 represents in perspective a triangular core of refractory material and Fig. 4f* a form of iron shell adapted to slip over and to be supported by the said core. Fig. 5l represents in perspective a triangular refractory support for the inverted trough-shaped iron plate shown in perspective in Fig. 5a.` Fig. 6 represents a brick made of iron filings or scrap iron and fire clay baked together. Fig. 7 represents in perspective a hexagonal tile covered with a sheathing of roughened iron, and Fig. 8 represents an octagonal tile also covered with a sheathing of roughened iron. Fig. 9 represents a side elevation of a gas fixer or converter, parts being broken away to show vthe manner of using the herein-described tiles, which tiles are indicated by the letter T.

It will be seen that the outer surface of the iron is represented in all the figures as being roughened or studded with raised projections of various shapes. These studs or projections largely increase the eiiiciency of the plate by increasing the area of the surface exposed to the action of the oxygen in the steam.

I do not claim specifically in this application the iron jacketed tile shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8, as this constitutes the subject matter of another application, led February 3, 1893, Serial No. 460,918.

The converter C shown in Fig. 9, has inlets c for t-he mixture of gas and steam, which rise through one or more tiers of tiles arranged in checkerwcrk as shown, and escapes through an outlet pipe c.

I do not claim any particular form of converter in connection with these tiles, as they are adapted for use in most of the well known forms of converters.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The combination with a gas fixer, having a suitable casing and gas inlets and outlets, of a filling of tiles each of which is composed essentially of refractory material and iron, as and for the purposes described.

2. The combination with a gas fixer, having a suitable casing and gas inlets and outlets, of a filling of tiles each of which is composed essentially of fire clay and iron, as and for the purposes described.

3. A brick or tile, for use in apparatus for the manufacture of gas, consisting of fire clay and small pieces or iilings of iron mixed together and baked, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I afix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN B. ARCI-IER. Witnesses:

JOHN C. WILSON, PERCY C. BOWEN. 

